In-depth Analysis and Management of Tivozanib Side Effects

In-depth Analysis and Management of Tivozanib Side Effects

During treatment with Tivozanib, the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet may become dry, cracked, peel, or cause tingling or numbness. This is known as hand-foot syndrome and is a very common side effect. If these symptoms occur, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Depending on severity, your doctor may take appropriate measures, including using moisturizers, topical medications, or reducing the dose of Tivozanib, or even temporarily interrupting treatment. In addition, other skin reactions are also common, such as rash, generalized itching, skin peeling, hair loss, acne, and easy bruising of the skin. In rare cases, pustular rash or urticaria may occur. Patients should keep hand and foot skin clean and moisturized, avoid prolonged friction or pressure, and not wash hands and feet with excessively hot water. If blisters, severe pain, or signs of infection appear on the skin, seek medical attention immediately.

Gastrointestinal and Systemic Side Effects

Tivozanib may cause a range of gastrointestinal discomforts. Very common ones include diarrhea, loss of appetite, oral inflammation (oral pain or discomfort), nausea, abdominal pain or pressure sensation. Common ones include flatulence, heartburn, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, abdominal distension, swollen and painful tongue, and red, swollen, painful, or bleeding gums. Serious but rare gastrointestinal complications include gastrointestinal perforation or fistula formation, manifested as severe abdominal pain, chills, fever, nausea and vomiting, intestinal obstruction pain, diarrhea, or rectal bleeding. If these serious symptoms occur, stop treatment immediately and seek medical attention. Other common systemic side effects include fatigue, weakness, pain (oral, bone, limb, groin, tumor site), back pain, fever, chills, chest pain, and swelling of hands and feet. Patients should rest more, maintain adequate nutrition and hydration, and prevent dehydration in case of persistent diarrhea or vomiting.

Thyroid, Pancreatic Dysfunction and Laboratory Parameters

Tivozanib may affect the function of endocrine organs. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is a common side effect, with symptoms including fatigue, lethargy, muscle weakness, slowed heart rate, and weight gain. In rare cases, hyperthyroidism (increased appetite, weight loss, heat intolerance, increased sweating, tremor, rapid heart rate) or goiter may occur. The doctor will regularly check thyroid function through blood tests before and during treatment. Additionally, pancreatic inflammation (pancreatitis) is also a common side effect, manifested as severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, requiring emergency treatment. Laboratory tests may show increased urinary protein (requiring monitoring of kidney function), abnormal liver enzymes, abnormal blood calcium, magnesium, potassium levels, and elevated red blood cell count. The doctor will adjust the treatment plan based on these parameters, reducing the dose or discontinuing the drug when necessary.